By naming the monkey Albert, the scientists started a trend, since every monkey used during the operation was called Albert, and the entire endeavor is now known as the Albert Project. Because of close quarters, Albert died of suffocation during the flight. The next year, the Aero Medical Laboratory began conducting animal experiments in White Sands, N.M., and on June 11, 1948, a V-2 Blossom rocket launched into space with Albert I, a rhesus monkey. Soon after that, space programs began sending up larger animals. The first living organisms to make it into space and back were actually much smaller than a monkey or a dog - in 1947, a container full of fruit flies successfully flew 106 miles above the Earth and parachuted back without any apparent damage. Ralph Crane/Time Life Pictures/ Getty Images
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